Copyrights And Patents :: essays research papers

Ordinary organizations furnish the world with items and administrations. Individuals all in all are simply not independent. Who has the opportunity to make their own garments, own meals,clean their own home, or even watch their own children? Today’s each developing business world and progressions in innovation make it amazingly simple to acquire anything one would ever want gave they have the cash to get it. Numerous individuals increased extraordinary achievement and riches from their unique item and business thoughts. Individuals have alsogained extraordinary riches from acquiring, taking or adjusting from one â€Å"original† thought.      The greater part of duplicating and extortion includes programming and apparel things. (Edwards6) One part of this is known as smuggling. this is the place somebody duplicates a program, CD, execution, and so on., and sells it in the city. As per Mike Edward’s of the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry guarantees that overall CD robbery represents 6.5% of the ventures yearly deals.      A diverse way to deal with acquiring one’s thought doesn’t nessacarily copythe item. Rather it includes deceiving the buyer. As in one case, the Miller Brewing Company built up another lager with a name like Annheuser Busch’s, who is as of now the main brewer in America. The â€Å"new brew† was planned for removing deals from â€Å"the King of Beers.† (Melcher 37)      Logos are likewise regularly duplicated. A logo is characterized as a publicizing image or message that speaks to an item or a help. In one case, OJ Simpson has consented to impart advertising rights to the Florida Department of Citrus to utilize his underlying regarding squeezed orange. (Wells 1)      Materials can be wrongfully copied from multiple points of view. This incorporates everything sharing programming, to duplicating CD’s, to illicit sweatshops. Business goodshave either licenses which should shield them from unlawful duplication.  â â â â      Digital innovation is turning into a major issue for visual craftsmen who are attempting to secure their manifestations. Scanners have made it extremely simple to copy pictures in a flash. The maker must apply for a copyright so as to have the option to sue for misrepresentation. Pictures that are not copyrighted are in the open area. Likewise, copyrights lapse 50 years after the creator’s passing. (Baer 163)      China assumes a significant job in copyright theft. Authorities gauge that China sends out about $827 million dollars every time of impostor items. A case of this is cleanser with a natural American brand mark, however containing unexpected fixings in comparison to the US forms. Copyrights And Patents :: papers research papers Regular organizations furnish the world with items and administrations. Individuals as a rule are simply not independent. Who has the opportunity to make their own garments, own meals,clean their own home, or even watch their own children? Today’s each developing business world and headways in innovation make it incredibly simple to get anything one would ever want gave they have the cash to get it. Numerous individuals increased extraordinary achievement and riches from their unique item and business thoughts. Individuals have alsogained incredible riches from obtaining, taking or adjusting from one â€Å"original† thought.      The larger part of replicating and extortion includes programming and garments things. (Edwards6) One part of this is known as smuggling. this is the place somebody duplicates a program, CD, execution, and so on., and sells it in the city. As indicated by Mike Edward’s of the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry asserts that overall CD robbery represents 6.5% of the businesses yearly deals.      A distinctive way to deal with obtaining one’s thought doesn’t nessacarily copythe item. Rather it includes deceiving the buyer. As in one case, the Miller Brewing Company built up another lager with a mark like Annheuser Busch’s, who is as of now the main brewer in America. The â€Å"new brew† was planned for removing deals from â€Å"the King of Beers.† (Melcher 37)      Logos are likewise frequently replicated. A logo is characterized as a publicizing image or message that speaks to an item or a help. In one case, OJ Simpson has consented to impart advertising rights to the Florida Department of Citrus to utilize his underlying regarding squeezed orange. (Wells 1)      Materials can be illicitly copied from various perspectives. This incorporates everything sharing programming, to duplicating CD’s, to unlawful sweatshops. Business goodshave either licenses which should shield them from illicit duplication.  â â â â      Digital innovation is turning into a major issue for visual craftsmen who are attempting to ensure their manifestations. Scanners have made it exceptionally simple to copy pictures in a split second. The maker must apply for a copyright so as to have the option to sue for misrepresentation. Pictures that are not copyrighted are in the open area. Likewise, copyrights terminate 50 years after the creator’s passing. (Baer 163)      China assumes a significant job in copyright theft. Authorities gauge that China sends out about $827 million dollars per year of impostor items. A case of this is cleanser with a recognizable American brand name, yet containing unexpected fixings in comparison to the US adaptations.

Discriminatory Essay Example For Students

Oppressive Essay Equivalent Employment Opportunity ComplaintIn request for John to document a separation grumbling against his manager, he is required to record an accuse of the Equal Employment Opportunity Complaint advocate or delegate of the organization. When the charge has been documented, an examination is occurred, or the charge perhaps chose to an EEOC program and possibly excused. For this situation, John is given a specific number of days to record a claim for his sake. This procedure would need to experience a few extensive stages, for example, the EEOC authoritative procedure. Whenever gone to preliminary it must experience recording of a summons, reaction and answer, disclosure process, enrolling of specialists, pre-preliminary, genuine preliminary and a potential intrigue. In the EEOCs Charge Process, John must go to his EEOCs delegate inside this organization and document an objection. This is viewed as the authoritative procedure. Relevant data must be given about the offended party and litigant, for example, name, address and telephone number, the date and a short depiction of the charge. When the charge has been documented the business is told that charges have been recorded. The charge would be altogether researched. A composed portrayal and date of supposed infringement is mentioned once more; interviews with individuals, records are inspected; and now and again the office is visited which the supposed separation happened. As an option the charge might be allocated to the EEOC Mediation Program rather than an examination, which the two gatherings must agree to. On the off chance that the intervention is ineffective, the charge returns back to examination. There is a likelihood that the charge be excused. If so, John will have the option to docume nt a claim for his sake inside 90 days. After given the notification of an option to sue from EEOC, John would then be able to record a claim inside two years. This is the place the sculpture of confinement comes into place. The suit must be recorded inside the revelation of the charge. John should then record a summons or a grievance in the fitting court. Appended to the request is a point by point objection of the charges and help required in the event that. The respondent, Johns manager, will at that point get the request advising them of the claim. After the litigant gets the request, they should react by documenting an answer or primer movement inside the government court or starter protest inside the state court. The appropriate response would express the claims, which the litigant concedes and denies. On the off chance that the respondent neglects to react it is esteemed conceded. The respondent as of now should argue any certifiable barriers and show that they are not subject on the grounds that the agreed protection precludes obligation. The following stage is the Discovery Process, which is the proper actuality discovering phase of prosecution. There are a few distinct sorts of disclosure forms: interrogatories, affidavits, solicitation to create records, physical and mental assessments and solicitation for affirmations. The two sides would then demand extra data from the other party or outsiders to build up their case. Much of the time whenever favored data is assembled, the contradicting party doesn't need to deliver this data. Notwithstanding data accumulated, the gatherings might have the option to decide their adversaries speculations and qualities of their court introduction. In view of their revelation plan and demands. When the disclosure procedure is finished, the Enlisting of Experts process is required. The offended party ahead of schedule in the pre-preliminary procedure to decide if he has a practical case must get this master. The litigant will likewise acquire a specialist to help the respondents hypo thesis of the case and invalidate the offended parties master. After adequate disclosure has been made and specialists are set up, either gathering may move for synopsis judgment. In the event that the current material shows that there is no certified issue regarding a material certainty, the court may decide and movement that there is no requirement for a proper preliminary. When either party documents a movement for synopsis judgment, they will submit lawful briefs to help their positions and the court may hold a consultation. The court could conceivably deny movement. Whenever denied, the court may give halfway outline judgment or award synopsis judgment. An incomplete outline judgment would constrain the extent of preliminary. .u95b19b81cc342c79e4940ee688e757b9 , .u95b19b81cc342c79e4940ee688e757b9 .postImageUrl , .u95b19b81cc342c79e4940ee688e757b9 .focused content region { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u95b19b81cc342c79e4940ee688e757b9 , .u95b19b81cc342c79e4940ee688e757b9:hover , .u95b19b81cc342c79e4940ee688e757b9:visited , .u95b19b81cc342c79e4940ee688e757b9:active { border:0!important; } .u95b19b81cc342c79e4940ee688e757b9 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u95b19b81cc342c79e4940ee688e757b9 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; obscurity: 1; progress: haziness 250ms; webkit-change: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u95b19b81cc342c79e4940ee688e757b9:active , .u95b19b81cc342c79e4940ee688e757b9:hover { darkness: 1; change: murkiness 250ms; webkit-change: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u95b19b81cc342c79e4940ee688e757b9 .focused content region { width: 100%; position: relative; } .u95b19b81cc342c79e4940ee688e757b9 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content adornment: underline; } .u95b19b81cc342c79e4940ee688e757b9 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u95b19b81cc342c79e4940ee688e757b9 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; outskirt range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: striking; line-tallness: 26px; moz-outskirt sweep: 3px; content adjust: focus; content beautification: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .u95b19b81cc342c79e4940ee688e757b9:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u95b19b8 1cc342c79e4940ee688e757b9 .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u95b19b81cc342c79e4940ee688e757b9-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u95b19b81cc342c79e4940ee688e757b9:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: The Lottery And The Cathedral Analysis EssayThe next stage is the Pre-Trial Conference or Settlement Conference

Estimation

Kiandria Grissett Business Math-7 4/20/2013 Estimation 1. Talk about in any event two â€Å"real world† models in which you use estimation in your day by day life. 2. Talk about from your models how evaluating can have negative impacts in the event that you over or under assessed. 3. Think about a model in a genuine situation when an organization or association may utilize estimation and have negative or pulverizing results. One certifiable model I might want to talk about is how long it takes me to get up and be at the marina at 11am. I deal with Baldhead Island which implies I need to get a ship to get to work.Each ship leaves each half hour and not a moment late and I must be there before 11am. I ordinarily gauge my time perfect I get up at 9:30 am it as a rule takes me 20 to 30 minutes or less to clean up, get dressed, brush my teeth, and do my hair. I go out no later than 10:15 am which puts me at the marina at 10:45 am looking out for the vessel. Another model that I mig ht want to examine is recovering my beau and forward to court when he makes them be that he is from another region in the territory of North Carolina and it takes us at any rate an hour and forty-five minutes to get there.When he has court it generally takes in at 8am. We typically wake up at 6:20am (I realize we are pushing it on the time) get dresses, feed the canines and are out getting gas no later than 6:40am. We make this lengthy drive down the interstate traveling 80 to 85 miles an hour just to make it to court by move call yet oddly enough we generally make it on schedule. That’s what I call great estimation. Some negative impacts when over and under evaluating are now and again needed to tell since no one can really tell what might be going on, on the highway.Let’s dive into over assessing I think can be something to be thankful for which implies you are the place you should be sufficiently early with the goal that you are not hurrying. It can likewise be a te rrible thing provided that I go out too soon and the ship is running late this implies I may need to stay there for three possibly four hours looking out for a ship which makes me miss cash from work. Under evaluating is constantly an awful thing since you truly don’t need to be late for whatever is significant point clear period.Being that I live a little ways from the ship I need to drive-through another town to get to the marina. Here and there this town is exceptionally occupied in light of the fact that they generally have cook-offs, marches, and now and again simply traffic from the blackout. So under assessing for me once in a while is a no, no in light of the fact that I never realize how traffic will be. A certifiable model situation being that I am a cosmetologist and I use to work in a hair salon and a few specials we use to run were pessimistic in light of the fact that it use to bring a ton of business however when the specials were over it resembled back to runn ing a moderate salon.I think it was destroying to the proprietor since she was evaluating that she had an incredible salon and a decent area and it would bring a great deal of demographic but since this town is so little I attempted to disclose to her a portion of these individuals don’t like to switch up their beautician since they have been going to them for quite a while. So she assessed by running specials it would bring clients and keep them coming however she was unfortunately mixed up.

Charlotte Brontë’s Apology Gothic Undercutting in Villette as a Feminist Revision of Jane Eyre - Literature Essay Samples

With the 1847 publication of Jane Eyre, Charlotte Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â€publishing under the androgynous pseudonym â€Å"Currer Bell†Ã¢â‚¬â€effectively obscured her gender along with her identity. While Brontà « did not unanimously pass for male, debate about the author’s sex began immediately, and even critics who accused the author of being in fact an authoress acknowledged a â€Å"masculine firmness of touch† in the novel (qtd. in Alexander Smith 273). In 1848, an anonymous reviewer for the Christian Remembrancer addressed the rumors, decrying the â€Å"masculine hardness, coarseness, and freedom of expression† in Jane Eyre as particularly egregious if coming from the pen of a female author (qtd. in Alexander Smith 136). In December of that year, a review by Elizabeth Rigby for the Quarterly Review rejected the rumored female authorship as an â€Å"unlikely proposition,† asserting that if Jane Eyre had been written by a woman, then such a woman mu st be â€Å"one who has†¦long forfeited the society of her own sex† (qtd. in Alexander Smith 136). While Brontà « later attributed the use of the androgynous pseudonym to an â€Å"impression that authoresses are liable to be looked on with prejudice,† she was not particularly flattered by critical accusations of masculinity, claiming to have never suspected that her â€Å"mode of writing and thinking was not what is called ‘feminine’† (â€Å"Biographical Notice† xxx). Today, of course, having one’s writing mistaken for a man’s would be even less complimentary. With the growing popularity of a recent social media trend inviting women to â€Å"describe [themselves] like a male author would,† comparisons with male writing often imply content that is satirical at best, and dangerously problematic at worst (qtd. in Bonazzo). Indeed, in the current critical climate, the biggest criticisms of Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s work are no longer accusations of being â€Å"unfeminine,† but rather unfeminist. In the past few decades, feminist criticism of Jane Eyrehas often been particularly concerned with Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s unsympathetic portrayal of the â€Å"paradigmatic madwoman,† Bertha Mason (Beattie 493). Elizabeth J. Donaldson notes that â€Å"feminist critics have sympathy for Bertha Mason that, ironically, Charlotte Brontà « does not seem to share† (99). This lack of sympathy is ironic, perhaps, because of numerous â₠¬Å"objectionable descriptions† identified by feminist critics in which Brontà « unfavorably casts Bertha in the same â€Å"unfeminine† light the author herself resented falling into (Beattie 500). Referring to one scene in which Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s description of Bertha resorts to the use of genderless, unhuman pronouns—â€Å"it groveled, seemingly, on all fours; it snatched and growled like some strange animal† (Jane Eyre 290)—Valerie Beattie notes that Brontà « portrays Bertha as so egregiously unfeminine that â€Å"she can no longer be delineated in human terms† (500). In this analysis, Beattie echoes the condemnations of Nina Baym, whose text â€Å"The Madwoman and Her Language† openly decries â€Å"the work Brontà « has put into defining Bertha out of humanity† (qtd. in Beattie 493). In these analyses, modern feminist critics seek not only to expose misogynistic tendencies in Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s work, but also to reveal and revise similarly—however paradoxically—problematic early feminist approaches to the text. Specifically, recent feminist criticism has sought to challenge Sandra Gilbert and Susan Gubar’s optimistic championing of Bertha Mason as a feminist rebel subverting the patriarchal order. â€Å"In this context,† explains Donaldson, â€Å"Bertha Mason, and the figure of the madwoman in general, become a compelling metaphor for women’s rebellion. Yet, this metaphor for rebellion has problematic implications† (100). Beattie elaborates, noting that in The Madwoman in the Attic, Gilbert and Gubar tend to merely â€Å"reproduce the repressive logic† they seek to subvert with the problematic use of epithets like â€Å"the loathsome Bertha† and representations of Jane as â€Å"the sane version† of th e madwoman (qtd. in Beattie 494). Both Donaldson and Beattie suggest that Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s own prejudice against Bertha has stained much early feminist criticism of the novel, rendering Gilbert and Gubar’s seminal analysis merely â€Å"representative of a considerable body of feminist criticism in which setting out to explicate the role of madness in Jane Eyre does little more than replicate ideologically problematic nineteenth-century attitudes to it† (Beattie 494). While, in Jane Eyre,Charlotte Brontà « may well have created a monster—or, rather, a representation of mental illness so problematic even feminist criticism couldn’t redeem it—I suggest that in her final novel, Villette, Brontà « offers a much more sensitive and sympathetic portrayal of mental illness that feminist readers and critics alike may find considerably more palatable. Both Jane Eyre and Villette are famous for what is at times an uneasy blending of literary realism and Gothicism. However, my reading traces the differences in Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s employment of the Gothic mode in each novel, ultimately figuring the Gothic undercutting at crucial moments in Villette as a feminist revision of the problematic representation of mental illness in Jane Eyre. Critics have long puzzled over what Emily Heady has termed an â€Å"uneasy fusion† of genres in Villette (341). Straddling the line between two dominant—and, in many regards, opposing—literary modes of the era, realism and Gothic romance, Villette coyly resists generic categorization. While scholarship has long entertained the question posed by Villette’s generic ambivalence, asking to which genre the novel should appropriately be assigned, more recent criticism has sought a different approach. Rather than viewing the novel’s generic balancing act as a source of tension, this more recent scholarship attempts to reveal the once-competing genres as working in conjunction to produce a decidedly less uneasy fusion. Instead of writing off the novel’s generic inconsistency as a failure of the text to subscribe to any one set of genre expectations, modern critics figure the novel’s split between the real and the Gothic as part of a carefully orchestrated narrative strategy. Toni Wein reports that, in Villette, Brontà « â€Å"carved emphatically Gothic features onto what had been principally a double bildungsroman,† and points to â€Å"Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s structural Gothicizing†¦as evidence that she consciously engaged in rewriting gender codes† (735).In her own navigation of Villette’s â€Å"uneasy fusion† of the Gothic and realist modes, Emily Heady argues that â€Å"instead of foregrounding the contrasts between these two antithetical modes of story-telling, Bronte instead reveals the similarities between them† (342). Often, critics interested in navigating Villette’s unstable generic landscape use the novel’s dual allegiance to both Gothic romance and literary realism as a framework through which to position and interrogate parallel systems of binary subversion at work in the novel, before broadening the argument to suggest that Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s strategies offer some kind of critique or commentary on Victorian culture or authorship. While these readings provide a framework through which to navigate genre in Villette by defusing the tension between the novel’s mixed uses of the Gothic and realist modes, I propose that they ignore certain instances in which the tension between these two genres is not only present, but provides meaningful commentary on the novel’s feminist treatment of mental health. Robyn Warhol’s response to the traditionally-perceived tension between the Gothic and realist modes of the novel follows the increasingly common critical pattern, figuring the two genres as â€Å"not so much in competition as in continuous oscillation with each other† (858). In â€Å"Double Gender, Double Genre in Jane Eyre and Villette,† Warhol extends this reading of Villetteto Jane Eyreas well, figuring both novels’ dual use and subversion of the Gothic mode as parallel in her narratological argument that â€Å"in Villette—as in Jane Eyre—the heroine and the n arrator, though they are the same ‘person,’ are inhabiting two separate genres of fiction. The heroines are living a Gothic romance, and the narrators are telling a realist tale† (864). Warhol is not the first to view the generic landscapes of Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s two best known novels as parallel. As early as 1958, Robert Heilman’s analysis of â€Å"Charlotte Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s ‘New Gothic’† cites the ways in which, â€Å"in both both Villetteand Jane Eyre, Gothic is used but characteristically is undercut† (120). Critics interested in analyzing these Gothic tendencies in Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s texts usually point to her two most iconic Gothic figures: Jane Eyre’s madwoman and Villette’s nun. Again, more attention is usually paid to the similarities between Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s use of these figures rather than the differences. Indeed, reading the two in tandem has become so common that even such authoritative texts as the encyclopedic Oxford Companion to the Brontà «s presents their interchangeability as fact. In the entry on â€Å"Gothic Novels,† Christine Alexander and Margaret Smith definitively present Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s key Gothic figures as functionally identical, their relationship a case closed to further interpretive analysis: â€Å"Jane Eyre’s madwoman in the attic and Villette’s apparition of the nun, for example, convey the heroines’ resistance to the prevailing feminine ideal, and anger at their constraining social and economic circumstancesâ €  (223). In a revision of this prevailing analysis, it is my intention to expose the ways in which Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s use and subversion of the Gothic functions differently in Jane Eyre and Villette, pointing specifically to key differences between the novels’ most iconic Gothic figures to show how these differences ultimately render a much more sympathetic portrait of mental illness in the latter novel. Critics pointing to Villette’s nun as a Gothic element functionally parallel to Jane Eyre’s madwoman fail to address what I read as an increasing sense of unease when, in Villette, realism intervenes to provide a logical explanation. While Warhol aligns Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s use of the Gothic in Villette with that in Jane Eyre, I instead figure the former’s stunted Gothicism as a feminist response to the latter’s uncurbed flights of fancy. While Jane Eyre’s principle Gothic figure, the madwoman in the attic, remains untempered, the realist undercutting of Villette’s Gothic specter of choice ultimately absolves Lucy of the accusations of madness leveled against her. A dissolution of the tension between the Gothic and realist modes in Villette, as well as a parallel reading of the Gothic in Jane Eyre, ignores crucial ways in which Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s jarring undercutting of her own Gothic maneuvers is in fact unique to Villette and seeks to carve s pace for a feminist reconsideration of mental health in that later novel. I suggest that incorporating a revised analysis of Jane Eyre’s treatment of the Gothic into our thinking about Villette’s generic landscape enables us to understand the Gothic and realist tensions at work in the novel as a critique of gendered Victorian attitudes toward mental health—and perhaps even as a revision of those gendered attitudes perpetuated by Brontà « herself in Jane Eyre. Following Jane Eyre, Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s work shows a tonal shift away from the more dramatic and sensational elements of her first novel. This departure was a conscious one for Brontà «, who, despite the general acclaim received by Jane Eyre, â€Å"was very anxious to avoid a repetition of the charges of melodrama and improbability that had been leveled at her by reviewers of her first published novel† (Alexander Smith 461). Indeed, in her second novel, Shirley, Brontà « openly endeavors to craft â€Å"something real, cool, and solid†¦something unromantic as Monday morning† (Shirley 5). Although Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s next and final novel, Villette, shows a partial return to many of the stylistic elements of Jane Eyre from which Shirley marked a departure, I contend that the Gothic undercutting in Villette remains more severe than in Jane Eyre, and is symptomatic of Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s continued wariness of uncurbed melodrama. While Jane Eyre also blends the realist and Gothic modes in a move that has come to be regarded as characteristic of the broader Brontà « canon in general, the Gothic is considerably more tempered in Villette. The differences between Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s use of the Gothic in these two novels is perhaps nowhere more pronounced than in the treatment of their respective Gothic icons. In what I present as Villette’s most jarring instance of Gothic undercutting, the novel’s longstanding figure of Gothic intrigue—the spectral nun—is revealed to be nothing more than a tertiary character in disguise. By contrast, Jane Eyre’s Gothic specter of choice, the madwoman in the attic, receives no such realist undercutting. In fact, while in Villette,explanation arises to unmask and disarm the Gothic, the revelation of Jane Eyre’s Gothic mystery does the opposite: unabashedly proving and reinforcing the presence of the Gothic in real life. Villette explains aw ay its own Gothic implications as a silly misunderstanding, while the only explanation Jane Eyre provides is that there is, in fact, a madwoman locked away in the attic. While my argument presents this crucial moment of Gothic undercutting in Villette as the cornerstone of Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s feminist revision of the problematic representation of mental illness in Jane Eyre, it is first worth noting other significant ways in which Villette revises Jane Eyre’s treatment of madness. While in Jane Eyre, madness is at the heart of the novel’s embodiment of Gothic horror, Villette transfers the affliction to the novel’s heroine. Madness in Villette is not, as in Jane Eyre, the antagonist that must be vanquished in order for the â€Å"sane† characters to achieve their happy ending. Rather, it is given to the protagonist in a moving, sympathetic portrait of human despair and suffering. Such â€Å"melancholy madness,† according to Donaldson, formed the Victorian counterpart to the â€Å"raving madness† exhibited in Jane Eyre(108). Though distinct, in certain ways, from other forms of madness, Victorian melancholia was considered related to insanity the same way clinical depression is today treated as mental illness. In Villette, Lucy Snowe describes her experience with a â€Å"peculiarly agonizing depression†¦a strange fever of the nerves and blood† (148). Gradually descending into what would now likely constitute clinical suicidal depression, Lucy refers to a â€Å"sorrowful indifference to existence†¦a despairing resignation to reach betimes the end of all things earthly† (145). In attributing the experience of madness, â€Å"melancholic† or otherwise, to the novel’s first-person narrator and protagonist, Brontà « not only gives mental illness a sympathetic portrayal, but also a voice. Such a voice is sorely lac king in Jane Eyre, as Donaldson, citing Marta Caminero-Santangelo’s â€Å"aptly-titled† The Madwoman Can’t Speak: Or, Why Insanity is Not Subversive, points out (101). As if foreseeing this criticism, Brontà « ensures that, in Villette, the â€Å"madwoman† can and does speak. Although Lucy does not succumb to her episodes of suicidal ideation, they do leave her vulnerable to accusations of insanity and hallucination—particularly from the well-meaning Doctor John. However, unlike Bertha, Lucy is given the opportunity to both challenge and mock these accusations. When Doctor John dismisses the nun as a mere â€Å"case of spectral illusion,† Lucy is told that â€Å"happiness is the cure—a cheerful mind the preventative: cultivate both† (225). As narrator, Lucy possesses a voice with which to decry this dubious medical advice: â€Å"No mockery in this world ever sounds to me so hollow as that of being told to cultivate happiness. What does such advice mean? Happiness is not a potato, to be planted in mold and tilled with manure† (235). In this aside to the reader, Doctor John becomes a humorous figure of ridicule, rather than the masculine authority on mental illness that Bertha’s silence in Jane Eyre permits Rocheste r to become. Moreover, Lucy’s voice is not merely limited to her readership. In narrative time, she directly challenges Doctor John: â€Å"‘Cultivate happiness!’ I said briefly to the doctor: ‘do you cultivate happiness? How do you manage?’† (235). While Lucy is encouraged to doubt her own senses and question â€Å"whether indeed [the nun] was only the child of malady, and I of the malady the prey,† she is given a voice, both as narrator and character, with which to counter and question these accusations of madness (237). It is in the ultimate unmasking of the nun as neither â€Å"spectral illusion† nor â€Å"child of malady† that the novel definitively exonerates Lucy of the charges of madness against her. In this way, as I have argued, Villette atones for the problematic portrayal of mental illness and female hysteria in Jane Eyre. Unlike that novel’s untempered embodiment of Gothic horror—the raving madwoman in the attic—Villette’s Gothic specter is sharply undercut with a swift realist explanation. This humorous anti-climax leaves Lucy not only â€Å"relieved from all sense of the spectral and unearthly,† but also relieved of the allegations of madness that have plagued her throughout the novel (441). In Villette, Brontà « not only gives a sympathetic voice to mental illness, but she ultimately exonerates the â€Å"madwoman† in a feminist revision of the insanity script in Jane Eyre. Of course, it could be argued that Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s undercutting of the madness in Villettedoes not constitute a revision so much as an equally problematic erasure of mental illness. In her feminist disability studies reading of Bertha Mason in Jane Eyre, Donaldson criticizes a trend in critical feminist approaches to the novel, beginning with Gilbert and Gubar, of figuring Bertha Mason’s mental illness as a metaphor for female rebellion against the patriarchal order. While Donaldson admits that â€Å"the madness-as-feminist-rebellion metaphor might at first seem like a positive strategy for combating the stigma traditionally associated with mental illness,† she argues that â€Å"when madness is used as a metaphor for feminist rebellion, mental illness itself is erased† (102). Figuring Villette, as I have here, as a feminist response to Jane Eyre, it would appear as though Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s final novel itself falls into many of the same problematic critical tr ends that Donaldson identifies and challenges in traditional feminist criticism of Jane Eyre. In rendering Lucy Snowe’s insanity null and void through the realist undercutting of the â€Å"nun,† Villette unwittingly participates in what Donaldson calls the â€Å"anti-psychiatry† movement, which figures mental illness as a mere myth (100). Thus, Villette’s erasure of Lucy’s madness is ultimately no less problematic than â€Å"the elision of the physical component of Bertha Rochester’s madness in contemporary criticism,† as both are symptomatic of a â€Å"larger, cultural anxiety surrounding mental illness† (Donaldson 113). While texts like Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s initially invite modern readers and critics to write these problematic attitudes off as a product of the repressive social climate of the Victorian era, an analysis of the repeated failures and attempts—in both literature and criticism alike—to revise these att itudes reveal that they remain alive and well today. Works Cited Alexander, Christine and Margaret Smith. The Oxford Companion to the Brontà «s. Oxford UP, 2003. Beattie, Valerie. â€Å"The Mystery at Thornfield: Representations of Madness in ‘Jane Eyre.’† Studies in the Novel, vol. 28, no. 4, 1996, pp. 493–505. JSTOR, JSTOR,www.jstor.org/stable/29533162. Bonazzo, John. â€Å"Twitter Challenge Proves Male Authors Don’t Know How to Write About Women.† Observer, 2 Apr. 2018, http://observer.com/2018/04/male-authors-write-about-women-twitter/. Brontà «, Charlotte. â€Å"Biographical Notice of Ellis and Acton Bell.† Wuthering Heights, by Emily Brontà «, Barnes Noble, 2004, pp. xxix-xxxvi. Brontà «, Charlotte. Jane Eyre. Penguin, 2006. Brontà «, Charlotte. Shirley. Penguin, 2006. Brontà «, Charlotte. Villette. Signet, 1987. Donaldson, Elizabeth J. â€Å"The Corpus of the Madwoman: Toward a Feminist Disability Studies Theory of Embodiment and Mental Illness.† NWSA Journal, vol. 14, no. 3, 2002, pp. 99– 119. JSTOR, JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/4316926. Heady, Emily W. â€Å"‘Must I Render an Account?: Genre and Self-Narration in Charlotte Brontà «s ‘Villette.’† Journal of Narrative Theory, vol. 36, no. 3, 2006, pp. 341–364. JSTOR, JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/30224655. Heilman, Robert B., et al. â€Å"Charlotte Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s ‘New’ Gothic.† From Jane Austen toJoseph Conrad, edited by Robert C. Rathburn and Martin Steinmann, NED New editioned., University of Minnesota Press, 1958, pp. 118–132.JSTOR,www.jstor.org/stable/10.5749/j.ctttswvw.15. Warhol, Robyn R. â€Å"Double Gender, Double Genre in Jane Eyre and Villette.† Studies in English Literature, 1500-1900, vol. 36, no. 4, 1996, pp. 857–875. JSTOR, JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/450979. Wein, Toni. â€Å"Gothic Desire in Charlotte Brontà «s ‘Villette.’† Studies in English Literature, 1500- 1900, vol. 39, no. 4, 1999, pp. 733–746. JSTOR, JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/1556271.

How to Learn Multiplying Polynomials

Does Restorative Justice Bring A Fresh And More Just...

DOES RESTORATIVE JUSTICE BRING A FRESH AND MORE JUST RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OFFENDEERS AND VICTIMS? What is restorative justice? Restorative justice is the view towards crime as more than breaking the law. Restorative justice believes that crime causes harm to more than just the victim, it also causes harm to other factors such as the community, relationships and families. Therefore, a just response is required to deal with the harms and wrongdoing of the offender; a just response is a fair and candid response in the eyes of the law. If both parties are willing, they can meet to discuss the harms and how to bring about a resolution. However, there are alternatives if the clients do not want to meet. Although it is best if they do, as†¦show more content†¦Per (Liebmann, 2007), victims of crime more than often want answers as to why they were the victim, why they had their possessions taken rather than the punishment of the victim. Unlike the retributive system whereby the victim would never get answers from the offender, restorative justice provides a fresh approach. Offenders to take responsibility for what they have done Offenders believe that their crime is equaled if they serve their sentence rather than to take responsibility and acknowledge who they have hurt and the repercussions of their actions. This is the beginning of the path to restorative justice. Offenders who do not acknowledge their actions often cost the government money as they are just going to be repeat offenders if they have not learnt their lesson as they may believe what they are doing is correct. Dialogue to achieve understanding Victims of crime are often left with questions as to why it happened to them and whether it will happen to them again? For them there is only one person who can truly answer this question, the offender. However some offenders do not understand how what they have done may affect the victim. This is because they believe that the victim can claim insurance and receive it again. Therefore, by having a dialogue it will help the victim explain exactly what troubles it caused them and hopefully the offender will see the pain of their wrong doing. Usually these dialogues

Strategic Management Global Strategies in Market

Question: Describe about the Strategic Management for Global Strategies in Market. Answer: Cooperative strategy of Baptcare Company with partnership Cooperation strategies impacts on companys operation, business and global strategies to get a competitive advantage in the market (Lamb R. 1984). Baptcare Companys strategy is to fulfil its goals and objectives with the aim of providing health care and support to patients in a partnership to Wristband. As a way of entering the global market, Baptcare manages resource availability and access to critical areas within the organization. Apart from providing best care services to the society, the strategy ensures the services combine with values, beliefs, and traditions with the Partnership as a new paradigm. It will therefore be able to train employees to deliver high-quality care services. Selection of Partnership Strategy The most relevant way of forming a partnership is through mergers and acquisition. This will help the companies achieve greater economy of scale, minimize the cost of vertical integration and increase the companys share in the capital market thus increasing the value of the share in the new company. Having different market in the same industry will make the merged entity form a large part of the market due to new geographical areas leading to a lucrative situation (Hitt, Ireland Hoskisson 2006). The tax implications will be advantageous and detrimental if the liability is reduced perchance another company is less profitable as it limits process in many countries. CarePredict sensor helps identify minor changes in day to day activities that can result to health problems similar to Baptcares main objective hence the best to merge with. Care-predict have promised potential growth of devices by 600% between 2016 and 2019 which gives a great sign of investment. Merging will ensure the future plans of both companies are well incorporated as people are also getting more conscious of their health and are empowered and interested in keeping track of their health. The already acquired customers are likely to remain and new ones be acquired therefore chances are, the merge will benefit both the patients and the company. Main Alliance Type - Scale Alliance Scale alliance is the best strategy for Wristband to achieve their common goals and predetermined objectives in an efficient manner (Augustine M Cooper D., 2009). Organizations with insufficient scale to compete can join forces to bring a combination of their resources and talent to bring strategic advantage (Child, J Faulkner, D., 1998). Hiring more staff will help gain greater expertise and leverage in technology by adopting new ideas and technologies which have been developed by the new organization. Wristband and care-predict have a common goal of monitoring daily activities of their patients and acting on them to prevent side effect. The care-predict experts are already coming up with new ideas like monitoring the patients blood sugar level and linking the devices to the care providers which complies well with the Baptcare approach of treating every patients individually. As a result, the merging has a potential of ensuring success of both companies considering their services. Benefits of the collaboration Baptcare collaborate with Wristband can help them achieve the benefits of economies of scale and scope if they decide to work together (Blank, C., 2016). Also, it will help diversify their products and services and make sales in a larger market by reducing the external competition. This is common in a situation when a company plans to merge or acquire another company operating in the same industry, resulting as a stronger company. Way forward The management capabilities to manage a cooperative strategy in Baptcare include effective ways to internalize experiences and to gain knowledge from them. They establish controls and standards. Baptcare is successful in managing its cooperative strategy as they have been engaged in developing cost minimization and opportunity maximization techniques in their activities. They form a partnership with adequate formalities and contracts. Its main goal is to stifle partner efforts and to have maximum benefits through their participation. Baptcare can create a high level of trust among their partners so as to act in partnership in the best possible manner to achieve the desired interest. Wristband should agree to form a partnership with Baptcare, to make wider access to people who are technical expertise and experienced. In such business relation, it can enjoy various benefits of partnership such as successful in creating more appropriate and effective products and services. Reducing the costs by sharing and delivery systems thus, avoiding duplication. The partnership ensures long-term stability and sustainable development impact. References Augustine M. S and Cooper C.D., 2009. Getting the most from strategic partnering: A tale of two alliances. Organizational Dynamics. 38(1). Pp. 37-51 Blank, C. (2016). The Advantages Disadvantages of the Acquisition of Another Company in the Same Industry. Viewed 2 October 2016 from https://smallbusiness.chron.com/advantages-disadvantages-acquisition-another-company-same-industry-31362.html Child, J Faulkner, D. (1998). Strategies of Cooperation: Managing Alliances, Networks, and Joint Ventures. Oxford University Press. Hitt, M, Ireland, R Hoskisson, R. (2006). Strategic Management: Concepts and Cases. Cengage Learning. Lamb, R. (1984). Competitive Strategic Management. Prentice-Hall. Porter, M. (2008). Competitive Strategy: Techniques for Analysing Industries and Competitors. Simon and Schuster. Tjemkes, B, Vos, P Burgers, K. (2013). Strategic Alliance Management. Routledge. Todeva, E. and Knoke, D., 2005. Strategic alliances and models of collaboration. Management Decision, 43(1), pp.123148